Forgetful? Scientists say stress is a cause

Randolph E. Schmid
Associated Press
Oct. 29, 2004 12:00 AM

How many people have gotten home after a blindingly stressful day and realize they've forgotten something important?

Well, now at least there's a scientific explanation for the oversight.
Stress makes you forgetful.

People going on stage or taking an exam or finding themselves in similarly tough situations already knew this.

But a team of researchers has found how it happens, a discovery that they say could point the way to better treatments for illnesses like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Stressful situations in which the individual has no control were found to activate an enzyme in the brain called protein kinase C, which impairs the short-term memory and other functions in the prefrontal cortex, the executive-decision part of the brain, says Dr. Amy F. T. Arnsten of Yale Medical School .

The findings were reported Thursday in the journal Science.

The PKC enzyme is also active in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and Arnsten said a first psychotic episode can be precipitated by a stressful situation.

By affecting that part of the brain, the researchers say, PKC could be a factor in the distractibility, impulsiveness and impaired judgment that occurs in those illnesses.

The finding indicates a possible new direction for treatments: seeking drugs that inhibit PKC, Arnsten said in a telephone interview.

"These new findings may also help us understand the impulsivity and distractibility observed in children with lead poisoning," she said. "Very low levels of lead can activate PKC, and this may lead to impaired regulation of behavior."

The researchers used chemicals to induce stress in rats and monkeys because the stress levels are easily controlled, Arnsten said.

"It doesn't have to be traumatic, as long as you feel out of control," she said. "Control is the essential factor."

PKC affects a part of the brain that allows abstract reasoning, using working memory that is constantly updated.

"This kind of memory, the ability to concentrate, seems to be impaired when exposed to mild stresses," she said.

Scientists think the effect evolved as a protective mechanism in the event of danger, she said.